Técnica de microindentación ósea y algometría de presión aplicada al recambio protésico de rodilla y dolor en punta de vástago tibial. Resultados preliminares en un grupo de 20 pacientes / Bone microindentation and pressure algometry applied to revision total knee replacement and tibial end-of-stem pain. Preliminary results in a group of twenty patients

Objetivos. Valorar la relación entre la aparición de dolor en punta de vástago tibial con una disminución de la resistencia ósea preoperatoria mediante microindentación ósea. En segundo lugar, conocer la utilidad potencial de la algometría de presión en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de este grupo de pacientes. Material y método. Se realizó un estudio de correlación intra- e interobservador preliminar, para validar el método de la algometría en un grupo de 50 voluntarios sanos. Posteriormente se realizó un estudio prospectivo en un grupo de 20 pacientes con una media de edad de 74 años (57-84), sometidos a cirugía protésica de rodilla con utilización de un vástago tibial no cementado. Se realizaron mediciones de microindentación y algometría preoperatoriamente y después de un año. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y la t de Student para datos apareados. Resultados. En el trabajo preliminar, los valores de correlación intra- e interobservador obtenidos fueron excelentes; 0,91 (0,84-0,95) y 0,86 (0,74-0,92), respectivamente. En el grupo prospectivo no se observaron modificaciones significativas en los valores de microindentación (p = 0,11) ni algometría (p = 0,6) después de un año. Se observó una correlación significativa entre los valores de la algometría y las escalas de EVA (p = 0,002) y funcional (p = 0,02) en el control anual. Conclusiones. La algometría de presión fue una herramienta útil en el seguimiento de estos pacientes. La microindentación no fue adecuada para identificar pacientes en situación de riesgo de presentar dolor en punta de vástago tibial (AU)

Objectives. To study the relationship between the appearance of end-of-stem pain with a preoperative decrease in local bone strength by using the bone microindentation technique. The potential usefulness of pressure algometry in the diagnosis and monitoring of this group of patients is also determined. Material and method. A preliminary intra- and inter-rater correlation study was performed in a group of 50 healthy volunteers in order to validate the algometry technique. A prospective study was then conducted on 20 patients with a mean age of 74 years (range 57-84) undergoing knee prosthetic surgery with use of a cementless tibial stem. Bone microindentation and pressure algometry measurements were made preoperatively, and after one year of follow-up. The statistical analysis was performed using the Intraclass correlation coefficient and the Student t test for paired data. Results. The intra and inter-rater correlation values were excellent; 0.91 (0.84-0.95) and 0.86 (0.74-0.92), respectively. No significant variations were found in the microindentation (P=.11) or in the pressure algometry (P=.6) values after one year of follow-up. Nevertheless, a significant correlation was observed between the values for pressure algometry and the EVA (P=.002) and functional scale (P=.02) at the end of follow-up. Conclusions. Pressure Algometry is a useful tool to evaluate this group of patients. Bone microindentation does not seem to be useful in identifying patients with increased risk of developing tibial end-of-stem pain (AU)

[Bone microindentation and pressure algometry applied to revision total knee replacement and tibial end-of-stem pain. Preliminary results in a group of twenty patients]. / Técnica de microindentación ósea y algometría de presión aplicada al recambio protésico de rodilla y dolor en punta de vástago tibial. Resultados preliminares en un grupo de 20 pacientes.

OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between the appearance of end-of-stem pain with a preoperative decrease in local bone strength by using the bone microindentation technique. The potential usefulness of pressure algometry in the diagnosis and monitoring of this group of patients is also determined. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A preliminary intra- and inter-rater correlation study was performed in a group of 50 healthy volunteers in order to validate the algometry technique. A prospective study was then conducted on 20 patients with a mean age of 74 years (range 57-84) undergoing knee prosthetic surgery with use of a cementless tibial stem. Bone microindentation and pressure algometry measurements were made preoperatively, and after one year of follow-up. The statistical analysis was performed using the Intraclass correlation coefficient and the Student t test for paired data. RESULTS: The intra and inter-rater correlation values were excellent; 0.91 (0.84-0.95) and 0.86 (0.74-0.92), respectively. No significant variations were found in the microindentation (P=.11) or in the pressure algometry (P=.6) values after one year of follow-up. Nevertheless, a significant correlation was observed between the values for pressure algometry and the EVA (P=.002) and functional scale (P=.02) at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Pressure Algometry is a useful tool to evaluate this group of patients. Bone microindentation does not seem to be useful in identifying patients with increased risk of developing tibial end-of-stem pain.

Acitretina: guía de uso en psoriasis / Guidelines for the Use of Acitretin in Psoriasis

La fototerapia y los tratamientos sistémicos clásicos (metotrexato, acitetrina, ciclosporina), junto con las denominadas terapias biológicas (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, ustekinumab), permiten al dermatólogo disponer de un arsenal terapéutico amplio que aumenta las posibilidades de control de pacientes con psoriasis grave y/o extensa. La acitretina sigue siendo de gran utilidad tanto en monoterapia como combinada con otros fármacos sistémicos (clásicos o «biológicos»), o en terapia secuencial. Se distingue por no ser inmunosupresor directo y mantener respuestas a muy largo plazo, lo que le confiere un papel relevante en el tratamiento de la psoriasis, que no siempre ha sido reconocido en las diversas guías terapéuticas de esta enfermedad. Se presenta una guía de uso de acitretina consensuada por los miembros del Grupo de Psoriasis de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología, en la que se exponen de forma detallada aspectos de la farmacología del fármaco, sus indicaciones y contraindicaciones, su eficacia antipsoriásica, los efectos adversos asociados al fármaco, las acciones a tener en cuenta para aumentar la seguridad de su uso, y se propone diversas estrategias terapéuticas de aplicación en la práctica clínica habitual. El objetivo global es facilitar los criterios de indicación y manejo de la acitretina en pacientes con psoriasis (AU)

Phototherapy, classic systemic treatments (methotrexate, acitretin, and ciclosporin), and biologic agents (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, and ustekinumab) constitute a broad therapeutic arsenal that increases the likelihood of achieving control of severe and extensive disease in patients with psoriasis. Acitretin continues to be a very valuable tool in both monotherapy, in which it is combined with other systemic treatments (classic or biologic), and in sequential therapy. Thanks to its lack of a direct immunosuppressive effect and its ability to achieve a long-term response, acitretin has an important role in the treatment of psoriasis, although this has not always been acknowledged in relevant treatment guidelines. We present consensus guidelines for the use of acitretin in psoriasis drawn up by the Psoriasis Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. These guidelines provide a detailed account of acitretin, including pharmacological properties, indications and contraindications, adverse effects, and factors that should be taken into account to enhance the safe use of this drug. They also propose treatment strategies for use in routine clinical practice. The overall aim of these guidelines is to define the criteria for the use and management of acetretin in psoriasis (AU)

Guidelines for the use of acitretin in psoriasis. Psoriasis Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

Phototherapy, classic systemic treatments (methotrexate, acitretin, and ciclosporin), and biologic agents (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, and ustekinumab) constitute a broad therapeutic arsenal that increases the likelihood of achieving control of severe and extensive disease in patients with psoriasis. Acitretin continues to be a very valuable tool in both monotherapy, in which it is combined with other systemic treatments (classic or biologic), and in sequential therapy. Thanks to its lack of a direct immunosuppressive effect and its ability to achieve a long-term response, acitretin has an important role in the treatment of psoriasis, although this has not always been acknowledged in relevant treatment guidelines. We present consensus guidelines for the use of acitretin in psoriasis drawn up by the Psoriasis Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. These guidelines provide a detailed account of acitretin, including pharmacological properties, indications and contraindications, adverse effects, and factors that should be taken into account to enhance the safe use of this drug. They also propose treatment strategies for use in routine clinical practice. The overall aim of these guidelines is to define the criteria for the use and management of acetretin in psoriasis.

MRI and ultrasonography in Morton's neuroma: Diagnostic accuracy and correlation.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of Morton's neuroma is based primarily on clinical findings. Ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) studies are considered complementary diagnostic techniques. The aim of this study was to establish the correlation and sensitivity of both techniques used to diagnose Morton's neuroma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty seven patients (43 intermetatarsal spaces) with Morton's neuroma operated were retrospectively reviewed. In all cases MRI or ultrasound was performed to complement clinical diagnosis of Morton's neuroma. In all cases, a histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Estimates of sensitivity were made and correlation (kappa statistics) was assessed for both techniques. RESULTS: Twenty seven women and 10 men participated with a mean age of 60 years. Double lesions presented in six patients. The second intermetatarsal space was affected in 10 patients and the third in 33 patients. An MRI was performed in 41 cases and a US in 23 cases. In 21 patients, both an MRI and a US were performed. With regard to the 41 MRIs performed, 34 were positive for Morton's neuroma and 7 were negative. MRI sensitivity was 82.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.679-0.929]. Thirteen out of 23 US performed were positive and 10 US were negative. US sensitivity was 56.5% (95% CI: 0.345-0.768). Relative to the 21 patients on whom both techniques were carried out, the agreement between both techniques was poor (kappa statistics 0.31). CONCLUSION: Although ancillary studies may be required to confirm the clinical diagnosis in some cases, they are probably not necessary for the diagnosis of Morton's neuroma. MRI had a higher sensitivity than US and should be considered the technique of choice in those cases. However, a negative result does not exclude the diagnosis (false negative 17%).

Partículas de polietileno en líquido sinovial tras artroplastia de rodilla con un polietileno convencional o uno altamente entrecruzado. Estudio preliminar / Polyethylene particles in synovial fluid after knee arthroplasty with a conventional or highly cross-linked polyethylene. Preliminary study

Objetivo. En los últimos años han aparecido polietilenos altamente entrecruzados para intentar disminuir el desgaste, tal como se ha demostrado en simuladores de rodilla. El objetivo es evaluar mediante el recuento de partículas de polietileno en líquido sinovial, si se confirma un menor desgaste en pacientes con prótesis de polietileno altamente entrecruzado. Material y método. Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado, en el que durante la implantación de una prótesis de rodilla se asignó a un grupo de pacientes la colocación de un polietileno convencional (grupo A), y a otro grupo un polietileno altamente entrecruzado (X3® de Stryker Orthopaedics) (grupo B). A los 12 meses tras la cirugía se practicó una artrocentesis de rodilla y se hizo un recuento de partículas de polietileno en el líquido sinovial mediante microscopio electrónico de barrido. Se han analizado 14 muestras en cada grupo. Resultados. Ambos grupos son comparables en todas las variables estudiadas. No hemos hallado diferencias significativas en la concentración de partículas de polietileno/ml (1,49±0,85 millones grupo A vs. 1,42±0,91 millones grupo B; p=0,60) ni en el número total de partículas aisladas entre ambos grupos. Tampoco hemos hallado diferencias en el tamaño ni la morfología de partículas entre ambos grupos. Discusión y conclusiones. Aunque diversos trabajos in vitro han hallado una reducción muy significativa del desgaste del polietileno altamente entrecruzado, no se ha hallado que en las prótesis de rodilla implantadas en pacientes este desgaste se vea reducido. La gran variabilidad del número de partículas entre individuos sugiere que el desgaste de polietileno in vivo depende de muchos factores y probablemente el tipo de polietileno no sea el más determinante (AU)

Aim of the study. In recent years cross-linked polyethylenes have been developed in an attempt to reduce the wear, as has been demonstrated in knee simulators. The aim is to assess, by counting particles of polyethylene in synovial fluid, whether the reduction in wear is confirmed in patients with a highly crosslinked polyethylene prosthesis. Material and methods. A prospective randomised study was designed. During the implantation of a knee prosthesis, one group of patients was assigned the use of a conventional polyethylene (group A), and the other group a highly crosslinked polyethylene (X3®, Stryker Orthopaedics) (group B). At 12 months after surgery a knee arthrocentesis was performed, and the number of polyethylene particles was counted in a scanning electron microscopy. Fourteen samples from each group were studied. Results. Both groups were comparable in all study variables. We found no significant differences in the concentration of polyethylene particles/ml (1.49±0.85 million in group A vs 1.42±0.91 million in group B, P=.60) or the total number of isolated particles. We found no differences either in size or morphology of particles between both groups. Discussion and conclusions. Although several in vitro studies in vitro using different types of highly crosslinked polyethylene found a significant reduction, we did not find that that wear was reduced in the knees of these patients. The great variability in the number of particles between individuals suggests that polyethylene wear in vivo depends on many factors, so perhaps the type of polyethylene is not the most significant factor (AU)

[Polyethylene particles in synovial fluid after knee arthroplasty with a conventional or highly cross-linked polyethylene. Preliminary study]. / Partículas de polietileno en líquido sinovial tras artroplastia de rodilla con un polietileno convencional o uno altamente entrecruzado. Estudio preliminar.

AIM OF THE STUDY: In recent years cross-linked polyethylenes have been developed in an attempt to reduce the wear, as has been demonstrated in knee simulators. The aim is to assess, by counting particles of polyethylene in synovial fluid, whether the reduction in wear is confirmed in patients with a highly crosslinked polyethylene prosthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective randomised study was designed. During the implantation of a knee prosthesis, one group of patients was assigned the use of a conventional polyethylene (group A), and the other group a highly crosslinked polyethylene (X3, Stryker Orthopaedics) (group B). At 12 months after surgery a knee arthrocentesis was performed, and the number of polyethylene particles was counted in a scanning electron microscopy. Fourteen samples from each group were studied. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in all study variables. We found no significant differences in the concentration of polyethylene particles/ml (1.49 ± 0.85 million in group A vs 1.42 ± 0.91 million in group B, P=.60) or the total number of isolated particles. We found no differences either in size or morphology of particles between both groups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Although several in vitro studies in vitro using different types of highly crosslinked polyethylene found a significant reduction, we did not find that that wear was reduced in the knees of these patients. The great variability in the number of particles between individuals suggests that polyethylene wear in vivo depends on many factors, so perhaps the type of polyethylene is not the most significant factor.

[Adverse reactions during biological therapy for psoriasis: results of a survey of the Spanish Psoriasis Group]. / Efectos adversos observados durante la terapia biológica en la psoriasis. Resultados de una encuesta al Grupo Español de Psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Biologic therapies have been a major breakthrough in the treatment of psoriasis because they are more selective and have a better short-term and medium-term safety profile. There are reliable data to support both the efficacy and the safety of these drugs. However, it is always useful to report the clinical experience of dermatologists who are experts in the use of biologic agents to treat psoriasis, particularly with regard to their safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present the results of a survey administered to the members of Spanish Psoriasis Group and based on a series of questions referring to the clinical safety of these agents. A total of 988 patients treated with efalizumab, infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab were reported by 15 members of the group. RESULTS: There was a particularly high proportion of reactions (34%) to infliximab infusions. Blood test abnormalities were detected in 13.25% of patients and infections in 12.24%, with one case of pulmonary tuberculosis. Attention is drawn to the adverse effects profile of efalizumab: de novo arthritis in 5.8% and rebound in 20.9% of patients. CONCLUSION: The safety data provided by our study should be taken into account in view of the large number of patients recruited by dermatologists experienced in the use of this type of therapy.

Efectos adversos observados durante la terapia biológica en la psoriasis. Resultados de una encuesta al Grupo Español de Psoriasis / Adverse reactions during biological therapy for psoriasis: results of a survey of the Spanish Psoriasis Group

Introducción: La terapia biológica ha representado un avance muy importante en el tratamiento de la psoriasis, al tratarse de una generación de fármacos más selectivos y con mejor perfil de seguridad a corto y medio plazo. Existen datos sólidos a favor de la eficacia de cada uno de estos fármacos, así como de su seguridad. A pesar de ello, siempre es útil aportar la experiencia clínica de dermatólogos expertos en el tratamiento de la psoriasis con biológicos, en especial en lo referente a su seguridad. Material y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta a los miembros del Grupo Español de Psoriasis (GEP) basada en una serie de ítems relativos a aspectos referentes a la seguridad clínica de estos fármacos, cuyos resultados se presentan en este artículo. Un total de 988 pacientes tratados con efalizumab, etanercept, infliximab y adalimumab fueron recogidos por parte de 15 miembros del GEP. Resultados: Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca la elevada proporción de reacciones a infliximab (34%). Se observaron alteraciones analíticas en el 13,25% de los pacientes e infecciones en el 12,24%, con un único caso de tuberculosis pulmonar. Es de destacar el perfil de efectos secundarios de efalizumab: artritis de novo en el 5,8% y rebote en el 20,9%. Conclusión: Los datos de seguridad aportados por nuestro trabajo deben tenerse en consideración, habida cuenta del importante número de pacientes reclutados por un grupo de dermatólogos expertos en el manejo de este tipo de fármacos (AU)

Background: Biologic therapies have been a major breakthrough in the treatment of psoriasis because they are more selective and have a better short-term and medium-term safety profile. There are reliable data to support both the efficacy and the safety of these drugs. However, it is always useful to report the clinical experience of dermatologists who are experts in the use of biologic agents to treat psoriasis, particularly with regard to their safety. Material and Methods: We present the results of a survey administered to the members of Spanish Psoriasis Group and based on a series of questions referring to the clinical safety of these agents. A total of 988 patients treated with efalizumab, infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab were reported by 15 members of the group. Results: There was a particularly high proportion of reactions (34%) to infliximab infusions. Blood test abnormalities were detected in 13.25% of patients and infections in 12.24%, with one case of pulmonary tuberculosis. Attention is drawn to the adverse effects profile of efalizumab: de novo arthritis in 5.8% and rebound in 20.9% of patients. Conclusion: The safety data provided by our study should be taken into account in view of the large number of patients recruited by dermatologists experienced in the use of this type of therapy (AU)

[Validity of a telephone survey for determining the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and its seasonal variation in Spain]. / Validez de una encuesta telefónica para determinar la prevalencia y la estacionalidad de la dermatitis atópica en España.

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is a eczematous disease of the skin with onset during childhood and subsequent flares. The UK Working Party (UKWP) defined the diagnostic criteria normally used for atopic dermatitis. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of atopic dermatitis according to these criteria. METHODS: This was a 2-phase cross-sectional, epidemiologic computer-assisted telephone survey. Parents of children aged 14 years or less participated in the first phase to determine the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Spain. In the second phase, 6 months later, parents of children with diagnosis of atopic dermatitis according to the UKWP diagnostic criteria in phase 1 were interviewed to assess seasonal variations in disease activity between the 2 phases. RESULTS: In total, 1979 parents participated; 8.6 % of the children (95 % confidence interval, 7.4 %-9.8 %) were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by telephone. Of these, 49.2 % had a family history of atopy and 41.3 % had been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by a physician. Diagnosis by the physician and that made by interview agreed in 75.3 % of these cases. Of the factors associated with atopic dermatitis, it was found that increased body temperature, periods of stress, dust, use of/contact with wool or fiber clothes, and use of certain soaps and hygiene products showed seasonal variations. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children between 0 and 14 years old in Spain was 8.6 %. Certain factors associated with disease flares showed seasonal variations.

Validez de una encuesta telefónica para determinar la prevalencia y la estacionalidad de la dermatitis atópica en España / Validity of a Telephone Survey for Determining the Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis and Its Seasonal Variation in Spain

Introducción. La dermatitis atópica (DA) es una enfermedad eccematosa de la piel que debuta en la infancia cursando a brotes. La UK Working Party definió los criterios diagnósticos de DA utilizados habitualmente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de DA según estos criterios. Métodos. Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, mediante entrevista telefónica asistida por ordenador, con dos fases. Primera fase: participaron padres de niños ≤ 14 años, con objeto de calcular la prevalencia de la DA en España. Segunda fase: realizada 6 meses después, se entrevistó a aquellos padres con diagnóstico de DA en la primera fase según la UKWP, para determinar la existencia de estacionalidad en las lesiones de DA entre ambas fases. Resultados. Participaron 1.979 padres. Un total de 8,6 % (intervalo de confianza [IC]95 %: 7,4-9,8) de los niños fue diagnosticado de DA mediante entrevista telefónica. El 49,2 % de los niños tenía antecedentes familiares de atopia. El 41,3 % de los niños había sido diagnosticado de DA por un médico. En un 75,3 % coincidió el diagnóstico del médico con el realizado mediante entrevista. En este estudio se observó que, de los factores asociados a la DA, el aumento de la temperatura corporal, los periodos de estrés, el polvo, el uso/ contacto con prendas de lana o fibras y el uso de determinados jabones o productos de higiene personal presentan diferencias estacionales. Conclusiones. La prevalencia estimada de DA en niños de 0-14 años en España fue del 8,6 %. Algunos factores asociados a la exacerbación de la DA presentan carácter estacional (AU)

Background. Atopic dermatitis is a eczematous disease of the skin with onset during childhood and subsequent flares. The UK Working Party (UKWP) defined the diagnostic criteria normally used for atopic dermatitis. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of atopic dermatitis according to these criteria. Methods. This was a 2-phase cross-sectional, epidemiologic computer-assisted telephone survey. Parents of children aged 14 years or less participated in the first phase to determine the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Spain. In the second phase, 6 months later, parents of children with diagnosis of atopic dermatitis according to the UKWP diagnostic criteria in phase 1 were interviewed to assess seasonal variations in disease activity between the 2 phases. Results. In total, 1979 parents participated; 8.6 % of the children (95 % confidence interval, 7.4 %-9.8 %) were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by telephone. Of these, 49.2 % had a family history of atopy and 41.3 % had been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by a physician. Diagnosis by the physician and that made by interview agreed in 75.3 % of these cases. Of the factors associated with atopic dermatitis, it was found that increased body temperature, periods of stress, dust, use of/contact with wool or fiber clothes, and use of certain soaps and hygiene products showed seasonal variations. Conclusions. The estimated prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children between 0 and 14 years old in Spain was 8.6 %. Certain factors associated with disease flares showed seasonal variations (AU)

Enfermos pluripatológicos y atención geriátrica / No disponible

No disponible